Hi Class,
Please answer the following:
1. Describe your agreement/disagreement on Noam Chomsky's Theory: Universal Language (UL)and Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Explain.
2. Name three principles in teaching using the 4 Maxims (quantity, quality, relevance & manner)in linguistic and literacy development. Be sure to give example.
Doc Raqui
Please answer the following:
1. Describe your agreement/disagreement on Noam Chomsky's Theory: Universal Language (UL)and Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Explain.
2. Name three principles in teaching using the 4 Maxims (quantity, quality, relevance & manner)in linguistic and literacy development. Be sure to give example.
Doc Raqui
1. I agree with Noam Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device (LAD) because every child has its own language acquisition device. This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or innate ability for acquiring language. The LAD concept is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant/child to acquire and produce language. A child could have learned a new vocabulary and apply the syntactic structure from the LAD to form sentence. Also, a child could not possibly learn a language by means of imitation alone because sometimes adult’s language spoken is irregular and ungrammatical. There are times that when a child heard a wrong grammar from the adult the child would notice it and they will correct you, and also some mistakes like “I eat” instead of “I ate” manifest that they are not learn through imitation alone. Based on my observation, some American kids spell the words as they pronounce it such as “igzisting” for existing, “aloud” for allowed, “hospitle” for hospital, “contry” for country, “Inernet” for Internet, and “Itout” instead of “I doubt”. Technically, through their mistakes they can correct themselves the next time around they talk. It signifies that they are not imitating adult’s words. They are actually in their innate ability to speak and use their words (but as not as correct as possible). Fluency (usually in their native language) may often be prominent roughly around five years or depending upon on his degree of communication. On the other hand, there are some kids with speech/language problems or difficulties (i.e., aphasia) due to some language acquisition impairment and neurologic dysfunction. Therefore, LAD is important in the effective communication of a child or even adult.
ReplyDeleteIn terms of universal language, a child has the capacity or ability to speak other than his own native tongue (bilingualism). A child can only learn it by exposing or having talking them with the same language. Like English language, a child can learn it or will be fluent if they are using in everyday conversation, but having no conversation with this language definitely a child will not able to speak it. Environment or nature plays an important aspect regarding this. For example, in my case, when I was in grade 1 the first time I heard my teacher had been talked in English I was “shock” because it is not familiar to me the English language that time, besides speaking English in our home is not our environment, and eventually my teacher spoke that kind of language. For me, the parent/teacher must first teach the primary language, then gradually introduce or teach the universal language to easily cope with the nature.
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ReplyDelete2.1. It is the teacher’s task to provide opportunities for classroom interactions. Tasks that are well organized allow for students in the lessons. To practice critical thinking, students need to participate in the discourse of the discipline—to think, speak, and be listened to as they as participate in the discipline’s particular mode of inquiry. Students will not get enough practice just by talking to the teacher, and very little by just listening to the teacher. Students develop competency and become critical thinkers in classroom that provides opportunities for intensive and structured interaction among students. For example, the use of collaborative learning. This will enhance learning and achievement by encouraging peer to peer interaction and cooperation. Also, to be able to use words and express the thoughts of the students.
2.2. The classroom should replete the activities in which all students can participate. The classroom is considered a place in which there is a free “market” of ideas where everyone can sell and buy ideas without selling out a single centavo. Positive classroom participation requires the students to do more than just participate in activities. For example, mental engagement, active listening, and critical thinking will keep students focused and engaged for a maximum learning experience.
2.3. Know your learners—their language background, language proficiency, and the experiential background. It is very demanding task to be a teacher. To teach how to learn the second language makes the task more demanding. However, the knowledge of the various principles of teaching and learning the language will help students understand the challenges of being a teacher. Do not use language in which your learners will not understand you, as much as possible use simple language/words. For example, if you have Filipino, Korean, Chinese, or Japanese students so you may use universal language to enable to have understanding of all.
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ReplyDeleteNoam Chomsky’s Theory of Universal Grammar or Theory of Universal language states that all human beings who grow up under normal conditions always develop an innate ability to distinguish functions and limitations of words. In agreement with Chomsky’s theory, I do believe that humans have the innate ability to acquire and learn language naturally. Local speakers of a certain language are able to distinguish the restrictions of the language they speak; they know which grammatical arrangements are acceptable and unacceptable naturally. If all local speakers are able to distinguish, for example, which words are considered verbs or adjectives, or nouns, then it would follow that all languages have a common structural basis. It is of no wonder why Chomsky also came up with what is called the Language Acquisition Device; an organ of the brain that is responsible for instinctive language acquisition. Noam Chomsky is also the proponent of the now more popular Theory of Principles and Parameters that explains why a child that is exposed to a multi-linguistic environment is able to speak with accurate grammar that exhibit obvious similarities despite the difference in language. This supports the idea that humans possess a genetically innate Universal Grammar. Principles and parameters do not have to be learned by exposure to the language, but rather, the exposure to the language merely triggers the parameters to adapt to a certain setting. It is the ability to turn the language certain on and off.
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The 4 Maxims in language development, or in most cases called, The 4 Maxims of Conversation (Quantity, Quality, Relevance, and Manner) can be used in any lesson in the classroom. Teachers should always be aware of the 4 Maxims in everything she says. An example of a principle of teaching which this Maxim can be used is “Promote cooperation among students”. Collaborative and cooperative learning makes lessons more meaningful to students; the teacher makes group work and collaborative assignments that have the right amount of content, has quality and well-referenced content, the activity should be in connection to the current lesson, and instructions should be very clear. Another example of using the Maxims is through the teaching principle “Give prompt feedback. When a student answers a question erroneously, the teacher should be able to give an immediate reaction to the students answer using the 4 Maxims. The correct information should be adequately said, make sure that what is being said is truthful, the answer and added information should be relevant to the topic the student made a mistake in, and the manner of feedback should be unambiguous and clear to the student. A third example would be in the principle “Promote Active Learning”. Teachers should motivate their students in learning themselves. As the 4 Maxims are rules for conversation, when students engage in active learning, they freely converse, not just with their classmates, but also with their teachers. The students are guided by the 4 maxims in response to everything: The content of what they say, the veracity of the narrative, the significance of what is being said, and the manner in which the conversation is being delivered. Through the 4 Maxims, the students are actually undergoing language development.
-Camille Bolos
1.) Noam Chomsky says normal children everywhere are born with a kind of hard-wired grammar that enables them to grasp the basic workings of language (Universal Language/Grammar). He also postulated the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) that explains human acquisition of the syntactic structure of language. I agree with Noam Chomsky’s Theory. Children are born with that helps them learn language and accounts for the order in which children learn structures and the mistakes they make as they learn. The capability for language of a person is a biological inheritance and specific languages are activated through the child’s interaction with his/her native environment. A child’s brain is like a CD player which is set to a “play” language and when the CD for a certain language is inserted, that is the time the child learns that certain language. A person who is proficient in a language knows what expressions are acceptable in their language and what expressions are unacceptable. How could a person acquired this? He or She might have encountered this during his/her life. For example, we can hear a 2-year old child talking in Filipino in a good grammar without enrolling him to a specific school. He actually did or acquired this because of his environment. His parents might always talk to him. Another example, we can sometimes hear a child correcting a foreigner (when speaking in Filipino) with his grammar.
ReplyDelete2.) The 4 Maxims in linguistic and literacy development are quantity, quality, relevance and manner. A.) Provision of effective assessment and feedback – especially positive feedback. This way, students will appreciate the values of good behavior and conduct if they are recognized and reinforced. However, that praise should be sincere and appropriate. Teachers must give students enough, realistic and right information. They must provide this assessment and feedback in a good manner because it might give effect to the students. This assessment and feedback is important to students because it can motivate students to participate well in class. B.) Stimulating learning environment – provide variety of strategies and learning activities. Teachers must engage the students in any activities that are connected to their life experiences. They must arrange the classroom that organizes interactive teaching and learning. The classroom must be flexible enough. Be consistent ad proactive. Students must be aware with their learning environment in order to understand the situation so teachers have to give them clear, adequate and correct information about that and its relevance. Teachers must encourage them to have critical thinking skills and independent learning. C.) Clear communication with students – provide effective and sympathetic guidance and advice. Intended outcomes and expectations are communicated effectively and discussed with students. Teachers need to be open with the status of their students. If both of them have a clear communication with each other, effective teaching and learning is more possible.
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ReplyDeleteChomsky's theory of Universal grammar suggest that linguistic ability manifest itself without being taught, and that there are properties that all natural human language share. With these theory, I do believe in Chomsky's theory.We humans are born with Language Acquisition Device (LAD) which enables us to learn native language in our childhood. This device helps us to recognize and construct grammar without rigorous training. This enables us to speak in our native language unconsciously. The LAD help us to retain what we learned by merely listening to the conversation of our native language. When we are young our mind is in the blank state, so everything we hear, see and feel remain in our brain that later manifest in our action. One example that supports my argument is myself. I was born in Naga City that has the Bikolano dialect. We stayed their until I was three years old before transferring living in Bulacan. And as I grow older and learn to speak Tagalog and English I still didn't forget bikolano, and I can still speak the language and this is because of the role of LAD during my childhood. It is like the language was imprinted on my mind during its tabula rasa state that will not be forgotten or be erased as I grow old.
1.)I agree with Noam Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device (LAD) because the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a hypothetical brain mechanism that Noam Chomsky postulated to explain human acquisition of the syntactic structure of language. This mechanism endows children with the capacity to derive the syntactic structure and rules of their native language rapidly and accurately from the impoverished input provided by adult language users. The device is comprised of a finite set of dimensions along which languages vary, which are set at different levels for different languages on the basis of language exposure. The LAD reflects Chomsky's underlying assumption that many aspects of language are universal (common to all languages and cultures) and constrained by innate core knowledge about language called Universal Grammar.
ReplyDelete2.)Principles in teaching using the 4 Maxims (quantity, quality, relevance & manner)in linguistic and literacy development.
2.1) Share intellectual control with students. Building a sense of shared ownership is an effective way of achieving high levels of student interest and engagement. It can be achieved in many ways; many of these involve some form of formal or informal negotiation about parts or all of the content, tasks or assessment. Another complementary approach is to ensure that students' questions, comments and suggestions regularly influence, initiate (or terminate) what is done.
2.2)Look for occasions when students can work out part (or all) of the content or instructions. Learning is almost always better if students work something out for themselves, rather than reading it or hearing it. This is not always feasible of course, but often it is. It can involve short, closed tasks: e.g. 'if the units of density are grams per cm work out the formula by which we calculate the density of a substance from the volume and mass of an object made of that substance'. It can also involve much longer open-ended tasks:
2.3)Provide opportunities for choice and independent decision-making. Students respond very positively to the freedom to make some decisions about what or how they will work. To be effective, the choices need to be genuine, not situations where there is really only one possibility. These may include choices about which area of content to explore, the level of demand (do more routine tasks or fewer more demanding ones), the form of presentation (poster, powerpoint presentation, role play, model etc.) and how to manage their time during a day or lesson.
2.4)Encourage students to learn from other students' questions and comments. The (student) conception that they can learn from other students ideas, comments and questions develops more slowly than the conception that discussion is real and useful work. The classroom dynamics can reach new, very high levels when ideas and debate bounce around from student to student, rather than student to teacher.
a) Share intellectual control with students. We teachers are not boss in the classroom but we are servant leaders. It is our responsibility to the student to welcome them and support their learning. The students should feel that they are welcome to learning, they should not be afraid to commit mistakes but they should know that this is the key to learning. A classroom is a home and this what they should feel, the teacher and students are family. We should make them feel that we are one in the goal to learn, students will learn from the teacher and the teacher will learn to the students.b) Encourage students to learn from other students' questions and comments.Each of us has different and unique experiences and knowledge that we can share. We should always entertain a student's ideas especially if we know that we and others will learn from it. And by doing this we also develop the communication of the student, they will be used in speaking to many people and they will feel that they we are one and family in the classroom. c) Provide opportunities for choice and independent decision-making.A task does not only have one solution, there are different ways to solve the problem. We should not contain the students to one method, we should support them to think outside the box. Learning is not a single process but it do have different methods. We should always respect the student's ideas for them to gain self esteem that will result to their success. As we can see their is no single method or ways on teaching. It has many process and principles. And as a teacher it is our responsibility to adjust to the students behavior and needs for a more effective and successful learning.
ReplyDelete1.) I agree with the theories of Noam Chomsky. Noam Chomsky’s theory about universal grammar states the abstract knowledge of language which children bring to the task of learning their native language and which constrains the shape of the particular grammar they are trying to learn. It suggests that linguistic ability manifests itself without being taught and that there are properties that all natural human languages share. It is a matter of observation and experimentation to determine precisely what abilities are innate and what properties are shared by all languages. In this matter the environment of a child also plays an important role, in which the environment can affects the child’s language; for example if a Filipino child grows in a family who speaks English as their medium of communication in the their family, the child even if he is a Filipino will not speak of his mother tongue instead he is going to use the English language, because it’s his environment and vice versa. Another example is when a child repeatedly hears a language that is not familiar to them the tendency is they will learn to speak it. On the other hand the theory about language acquisition device (LAD) states that the mechanism of the language acquisition is derived from the innate processes. Innate is something which is already there in mind since birth. He also proposed that all of us live in a biological world, and according to him, mental world is no exception. He also believes that as there are stages of development for other parts of the body, language development can also be achieved up to a certain age. Child’s language is like a process, it develops every time the child commits mistake and he actually learned from it, and as the child grows his language acquisition also grows and develops.
ReplyDelete2.) The 4 Maxims in linguistic and literacy development are as follows; quantity, quality, relevance and manner. These can be used in the classroom settings. Examples are 1.) Promote talk which is exploratory, tentative and hypothetical- This sort of talk fosters link-making and shows commonly reflect high levels of intellectual engagement. Teaching approaches such as delayed judgment, increased wait-time and promotion of ‘What if' questions are all helpful. The classroom will become more fluid and interactive. 2.) Build a classroom environment that supports risk-taking- We underestimated the very high levels of perceived risk that accompanies many aspects of quality learning for most students, even in classes where such learning is widespread. Building trusts in the teacher and other students and training students to disagree without personal put-downs are essential to widespread display of good learning behaviors. 3.) Regularly raise students' awareness of the nature of different aspects of quality learning- This is a key aspect of learning how to learn. Students typically have no vocabulary to discuss learning. It is very helpful to build a shared vocabulary and shared understandings by regular, short debriefing about some aspect of the learning that has just occurred. Having a rotating student monitor of a short list of good learning behaviors can be very helpful. Another is Provide diverse range of ways of experiencing success-Raising intellectual self-esteem is perhaps the most important aspect of working with low and moderately achieving students. Success through interactive discussion, question-asking, role-plays and tasks allowing high levels of creativity often results in greater confidence and hence persistence in tackling other written tasks. Publicly recognizing and praising good learning behaviors is also useful.
1. Noam Chomsky asserts that language is innate. He wrote the book “Language and Mind” in 1972 and in this book Chomsky wrote, “When we study human language, we are approaching what some might call the 'human essence,' the distinctive qualities of mind that are, so far as we know, unique to man." According to Chomsky, language is one characteristic that is unique to humans among all other living beings. I strongly agree on Chomsky’s theory on Universal Language and Language Acquisition Device (LAD). It is indeed a unique power of the human mind as especially bestowed by God. I also believe on what Chomsky said that there is a special part in the human brain which is responsible on language development which is from the time of birth is already active and just waiting to be utilized and developed. This makes us unique and superior over animals which don’t have the ability to learn language. One unique quality of our brain is it’s ability to learn as many languages as we want if we will only invest time and effort to learn them. We can even adapt to different accents, grammar rules of various languages, forms and even the aesthetic side of language. As I see it personally in my children, when they are in their Sunday school, they speak English fluently with an American accent when they are having conversations with their Caucasian classmates, while when they are at home, they speak straight tagalog with the house helpers. In these, I also believe that mechanism of the language acquisition is derived from the innate process, which means, they are present in the human mind from the time of birth. And as there are stages of development for other parts of the body, language development can also be achieved up to a certain age.
ReplyDelete2 Using the 4 maxims in linguistic and literacy development (quantity, quality, relevance and manner ) in three principles of teaching.
ReplyDelete1. 2.1 Use a wide variety of intellectually challenging teaching procedures. In this principle the teacher can apply inductive teaching. As the class’ facilitator, the teacher can encourage learners to express their own ideas, voice out their opinions and personal stand on different matters and be critical thinkers as well. The teacher here has to Promote talk which is exploratory, tentative and hypothetical. By employing such variation passive learning is countered and student energy and effort are ignited and their communicating skills and language development are enhanced and practiced. These just have to be employed in relation to topic being discussed, according to the learners mental ability and interest as well.
2.2 Encourage students to learn from other students' questions and comments. Collaborative discussion, group dynamics and activities such as debates are great tools for this principle. The classroom dynamics can reach new, very high levels when ideas and debate bounce around from student to student, rather than student to teacher. This enhance critical and fast thinking and of course, extracts their innermost thoughts and brings the best of the learners since they are challenged to think deeply. Such activities though somehow competition still spell to be a healthy and constructive one.
2.3 Provide opportunities for choice and independent decision-making. Learning is almost always better if students work something out for themselves, rather than reading it or hearing it. This is not always feasible of course, but often it is. It can involve short, closed tasks. Example: “Here is a photo of the ruins of Machu Pichu, work out as much as you can, from this photo, about the Incas and their fate”. It can also involve much longer open-ended tasks. By these, they are able to express well of themselves, they are given the opportunity to analyze deeply, they explore the wide space of their vocabulary and learn more of the language system as they actually employ them. To be effective, the choices need to be genuine, and with variety of choices, not situations where there is really only one possibility. These may include choices about which area of content to explore, the level of demand (do more routine tasks or fewer more demanding ones), the form of presentation (poster, PowerPoint presentation, role play, model etc.),and how to manage their time during a day or lesson.
(1) The Lngaugae Aiqusictoin Deivce (LAD) Toehry by Naom Cohmksy stetas taht tehre is a psotaluted “ogarn” in the brian taht is suposepd to fnuctoin as cnogeinatl deivce trhoguh the pcorecs by wchih the huamns aqcirue the cpaciaty to pcerieve and cmopherned lngaugae, as wlel as to prucdoe and use wrdos and snetneces to cmomuinacte. I akcnwolgde and aecpct Naom Cohmksy’s Lngaugae Aiqusictoin Deivce (LAD) toehry. It is raelly psoislbe taht terhe are secpific prtas of the brian taht are rspoensblie for laenring lngaugae, udnrestnadnig touhtghs, itrenpertnig sgins and sgnails, enocnidg and dceodnig ifnomratoin and in cmomuncaitoing wtih ohtres dspetie the exsitscne of vrioaus lngaugaes. Huamn brian is so pweofrul and siecntsits beelived taht olny 10% of its flul ptoentail is waht we are usnig rghit now. Tehre are sltil ltos of tnhigs to be dscoevired aubot it. Huamns have the aibltiy to laern dffeirent lngaugaes rgaedresls of tiehr rcae, lcoatoin and age.
ReplyDeleteThe Lngaugae Aiqusictoin Deivce (LAD) Toehry by Naom Cohmksy is rletaed to the gnetiec mkae-up of huamns. The inatne cpabaltiy of huamns to udenrstnad and cmopherned the ifnomratoin poridved etxeranlly wilhe the Uinvrasel Lngaugae (UL) pretians to the aibtily of the huamns to adpat, udenrstnad and cmopteley laern new lngaugaes. For istnacne, in LAD the baebis can intailily laern how to spaek the wrods taht tehy raepteledy haer scuh as “Mama & Papa” and tehy wlil be fmialair aobut it. Ltaer on in Uinvrasel Lngaugae, the clhidern wlil konw taht the wrdos “Mama & Papa” hvae dfifernet snyonmys lkie “mthoer/fthoer (Egnilsh), padre/madre (Spanish), vader/moeder (Dutch).” and tehse wrdos are sepkon in dfifernet lngaugaes.
For the raedres to be albe to raed and udenrstnad tehse satetmntes, it claelry swohs how amaizng huamn brains are. Mluitlpe raesrehces and epxerimetns msut be cnoudcted in order to fluly raevel the cmoptele fnuctoins of the huamn brian.
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ReplyDeleteThe 4 Maxims in Linguistic and Literacy Development (Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner) can be applied in formulating and conducting different principles of teaching.
a). Effective teaching through an adaptive curriculum. Effective teaching involves progressively refining of courses based on reflection and feedback. Teaching requires adapting. We need to continually reflect on our teaching and be ready to make changes when appropriate. Effective teaching must cover more topics that are included in the course offered. The content of the courses must be significant and meaningful to the learner. Refining of courses must be relevant to the needs and demand of the learner. The course must be related to the society and the real world of experience. Proper assessment and intervention must be conducted in order to achieve the effective teaching.
b). The learning environment must be conducive for learning process. The school and curriculum experience must somehow reflect and emphasize the different learning activities involving various culture and information. The school and teachers must offer different opportunities for the students and let them maximize their experience and knowledge in order to achieve a quality education. The ideas and topics must focus on preparing the students in dealing with the world and they must be filled with confidence to compete globally.
c). Effective teaching involves adopting appropriate teaching roles to support our learning goals. Even though students are ultimately responsible for their own learning, the roles we assume as instructors are critical in guiding students’ thinking and behavior. Teachers must support the student. We can help the student to create their own ideas and artworks by giving them enough time to prepare for it. Appropriate instructions must be provided to guide them and make their work effective and efficient. Simple and complete directions must be given so that it will be easily understand by the students and it will not be misleading. The information that is being provided by the teachers must be related to the topics and the purpose of teaching roles must help in the achievement of the goals.
[1]I agree with Noam Chomsky’s Theory.From his Universal Language (UL)theory I learn that children learned their mother tongue by simple imitation, listening to and repeating what adults said.Because the child have innate knowledge of certain principles that guide them in developing the grammar of their language.
ReplyDeleteFrom Noam Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device (LAD),I learn that I t is that Noam Chomsky explain human acquisition of the syntactic structure of language and humans have a natural instinct for acquiring language.The child’s speech shows strong evidence against imitation because his own production remains different on syntactic level.Sonetimes they may not use inversion.They would use negation and may use double negation regularly.
I think UL and LAD theory are very important for improvement the child and adolescent communication ability.
[2] The 4 Maxims in linguistic and literacy development are quantity, quality, relevance and manner.Three principles in teaching using the 4 Maxims:Make your contribution as is required;when it is required,by the conversation in ;which you are engaged.
ReplyDeleteExample: Quality --Flouting the maxim of quality is the driving force in irony.Think of ironic comments you've heard/said recently; how do they achieve their ends and how is that related to expectations of 'truth'?Example: Manner ---A: The professor came in and the student left.Indicates that student left after (or, as a result of) the professor coming.Example: Relevance --A: What do you think of the prof?B: Nice weather for the time of year.B implicates perhaps that the professor, or a potential snitch, is within earshot.Example: Quantity --J: B has a small birth-mark on his left cheek.This implicates that the speaker (J)
believes that: (A) B has a birth-mark and (B) J has evidence for this belie.
Noam Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. I strongly agree that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. He emphasized that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular, adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes what they call “wrong grammar”. Well, based on my experience, regardless of my intellectual ability (which we all know, each one of us possesses it), I become fluent in my native language when I was 5 or 6 years old. And this was also emphasized by Noam Chomsky. So with my experiences, it explains why I strongly agree with Chomsky’s LAD.
ReplyDelete2.)
ReplyDeleteThere are a lot to be mentioned about teaching principles using the 4 Maxims in Linguistic and literacy development. First is, Effective literacy learning occurs when teachers have high expectations of all learners. Teachers have a detailed knowledge of national and system literacy and/or numeracy achievement standards and are skilled in using a range of data and assessment tools to establish standards, learning outcomes and specific targets that will extend student learning and achievement. They select challenging and appropriate resources and sequence instructional strategies to move from low to high order literacy and numeracy knowledge, skills and understandings. Second is, Students are treated as capable and developing, not as incapable and deficient. Whole language teachers resist imposing arbitrary standards and timetables on children. They know from experience that the testing undertaken by school psychologists often finds weaknesses that scarcely exist, if at all, when a child is engaged in authentic learning activities rather than the artificial kinds of activities encountered in the tests, An example is that when the teachers appreciate and respond positively to children's increasingly control of reading and writing as communicative processes. Last is, Assessment is continuous, intertwined with learning and teaching. Example in this is, major ongoing sources of information about students' growth include portfolios containing periodic samples of students' writing, reading, and other work; records of conferences and interviews; inventories and questionnaires; dialogue journals and learning logs.
1) According to Chomsky's theory learning language is innate and we can learn language unconsciously. For example compare 2 children one child grew up in the province are who has not gone to any schools and one child who grew up also in another provincial area but who goes to school. When the two of them meet they could talk and understand each other regardless of schooling. It states that even though you do not tend to study the language you can acquire the knowledge unconsciously one
ReplyDeletechild may have an advantage through writing and complicated words but in total we the other child could learn enough to communicate with the other without proper schooling.
2)Know your student - by knowing your student you can make a better curriculum and approach to make your students more active and appreciate your class better.
Understanding human nature and development- some of these developments will influence greatly on the learners ability to learn. By knowing what they are undergoing to the teacher would be able to provide better activities and environment which maybe adaptable to their changes.
Interpersonal relationship with the students - students should have rapport with their students because if the students do not feel any care from the teacher they are constricted to develop more than they could and by having good relationship with students they will feel more motivated to study and feel better about learning
1. After reading Noam Chomsky’s Theory, I have come to understand and agreed to his main points about child’s language acquisition, being an innate structure of the brain; that we are born with an inherited ability to learn any language. I believe when he said that a child has ability to learn any language but taking into consideration the age of a child wherein he/she is able to learn between the ages of 3 to 10. It is observable in our culture that if we teach/develop the child’s innate language acquisition as early as ages 3-10, it won’t be difficult for the child to achieve mastery and fluency and when a child does or doesn't want to learn, he/she can turn his brain on and off like a switch. However, there are some points of his theory that I do not agree with, the first one is when he stated that it does not matter if a child is corrected or not, that they will still repeat what he/she is saying after being corrected. I believe that with continuous correction and inclusion of reinforcement, such behavior or act will be cut off, thus making the child will most likely remember or take note of the correct answer or word. Another point that I disagree with is the statement that a child doesn't need a trigger to begin an acquisition of language because it happens on its own. I think that even if the child has an innate language acquisition or can produce/learn language on its own, the parents still have an active role in developing it because if not, the child will not be able to learn how to speak. I have handled kids that are speech delayed or aren't able to have a fully grasp of their words/language and most of their reasons is because they weren't able to teach or guide their children as they are in the stage of learning or acquiring language.
ReplyDelete2. The first principle of teaching using the four maxims in linguistic and literacy development is the principle of cooperation. The communication between students and teachers involves interpersonal languages that will enable to develop or take place in cooperation and motivation. If the students and teachers are able to establish good communication, it also means that they are able to establish cooperation among them. As a teacher, you have to provide your students activities or exercises that are factual and related to your subject matter as well as providing them simple and clear instructions that will help them build classroom cooperation. The second principle is providing assessment and feedback. As a teacher, giving feedback whenever they answer or participate in the class will serve as reinforcement to them which will keep them motivated in participating in the class. An example of this is when a student participated in class discussion where a student is able to speak with correct grammar; you must provide him/her enough, realistic and appropriate reinforcement, which is in the form of praise that will signify that you are acknowledging the student’s effort and eagerness to learn. The third principle is the application of reading and writing through observation and participation in real-life situations. As a teacher, in teaching our students how to observe and participate in real-life situations, we have to provide them information that are based on what could possibly happen in the real world and in giving such information, it must be related enough to the topic that you are discussing for each of the student to understand it and it should also be clear in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion on the student’s part.
1. I believe in Noam Chomsky's Universal Language. This theory states that linguistic ability manifests itself without being taught. I believe that there are just some characteristics that all human languages share. Say for instance, body language. If you want somebody to stop, no matter what the race is, you could lift your palm, making a stop sign. Or if you are teaching English, to a person who hardly understands the language, you could do signals which both of you will understand. I also agree in Chomsky's language aquisition theory. Chomsky believed that each person is equipped to learn language. And I believe that each one of us has the capacity to learn different languages and we just need to be exposed to these languages.
ReplyDelete2. As educators, the four maxims (namely:quantity, relevance, manner, and quality) could be applied in the school setting. These are some principles:
ReplyDelete1. Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires. For example, your students asks about about Chemistry. The teacher must stick to the topif being asked.
2. Be brief and orderly. In the school setting, the topics, the processes, and the other facts must be taught orderly to facilitate the learning of the students.
3. Do not lie. Students trust and look up to their teachers. So as educators, we must be careful in imparting knowledge.